The first example uses the standard op-amp oscillator circuit to generate a triangular waveform which is level-shifted and fed to a comparator (e.g. LM339) to give the PWM waveform. Most people will want to use two comparators rather than one op-amp and one comparator so that is what we show here.
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This circuit is intended for charging lead-acid batteries with a solar panel. The customary diode that prevents the battery from discharging through the solar panel has been replaced by a FET-comparator combination. The charger will stop charging once a pre-set voltage (temperature compensated) has been reached, and recommence charging when the voltage has dropped off [...]
This low voltage circuit can be used to monitor battery and other volatile sources of current for problems. The circuit sounds an alarm and lights an LED, but can be interfaced to any number of other circuits for many different uses.
Description
R1, R3 2 1K 1/4W Resistor
R2 1 5K Pot
U1 1 LM339 Voltage comparator IC
D1 1 [...]
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