Circuit Project Electronic

Normally, in a digital voltmeter, high input impedance of the preamplifier stage is protected against very high voltages by two diodes. One of them is connected to the positive terminal and the other one is connected to the negative terminal of the power supply. Practically this kind of protection is very sufficient. But the diodes that are used for this process must have very low leakage current values. The main problem is that kind of diodes are expensive and it is sometimes hard to provide them. On the other hand electronic hobbyists commonly choose general purpose diodes like 1N4148. But this situation causes to occur some millivolts on 1M input impedance. Today, it is usually very important to measure the values with high accuracy so this extra voltages will affect our experimental results.

Read More Source:
http://www.circuit-projects.com/
high-voltage-protector-for-meters-by-ca3130.html
Thank you.